International Studies

ENG 110 College Writing I
3-3-0 (Composition)/3-0-0 (Web) This college writing course will help students become more competent and confident writers. It will enable students to practice and become more skillful in the different stages of the writing process: generating ideas, planning and organizing, rough-draft writing, revising, refining, and proofreading. Students will write a variety of papers, no less than six, such as papers narrating and describing experiences, summarizing information, explaining an idea or concept, and supporting an opinion. Other assignments may include a journal, a letter seeking employment, a letter to the editor, and answering essay exams. Research skills, such as using the library and following appropriate documentation style in citing sources, will be taught. Students will improve their grammar, style, and thinking skills and learn how to produce writing necessary for success in further academic and employment pursuits. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or ENG 098 or ENG 099 and ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

COM 101 Public Speaking
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) Public Speaking is a course designed to teach students the essentials of extemporaneous speaking and help them acquire confidence through practice. The course focuses on overcoming stage fright, development of delivery skills and audience analysis. Students acquire a repertoire of speaking skills by planning, practicing and delivering a variety of speeches, such as impromptu, informative and persuasive.

COM 113 Interpersonal Communication
3-3-0 (Composition)/3-0-0 (Web) Students will become aware of their present ways of communicating as well as alternative ways to improve their dyadic (one-on-one) communication skills. This course focuses on topics such as self-concept, perception, emotions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and listening. Activities may include large and small group discussion, role playing, group presentations. Research writing is required. Prerequisites: ENG 110.

ENG 111 College Writing II: Literature
3-3-0 (Composition)/3-0-0 (Web) This course offers practice in writing techniques, including the research report. It will employ the reading and analysis of nonfiction, fiction, poetry, and drama. Prerequisites: ENG 110.

PSI 100 Introduction/Political Science
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This class will examine principles of political science. Topics to be discussed are ideological differences (e.g. Liberalism, Communism, Fascism), comparative governments (e.g. American Constitutionalism and Parliamentarian), American Federalism, international relations, and the roles of legislatures, executives, and judiciaries.

PSI 101 American Government
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This course serves as an introduction to American Government by examining the characteristics of the legislative, executive and judicial branches. The course also looks at the role played by political parties, interest groups, the media, and foreign policy.

ART 101 Design and Appreciation
3-2-3 (Lecture/1 Standard Lab/2 Open Lab) This course introduces principles of two-dimensional design using basic media through hands-on directed studio problems and art appreciation studies. It involves design concepts which can later be applied to any medium. This course is the foundation for any courses in the visual arts (fine arts and Center for New Media).

ART 200 Art for the Elementary Teacher
3-2-3 (Lecture/1 Standard Lab/2 Open Lab) This course will examine the creative process, especially as it relates to art and its integration into the elementary classroom curriculum. Concepts related to art, creativity and perception are explored and developed through the use of a variety of art materials and techniques. The course is appropriate for education majors and minors as well as practicing teachers. Comments: Additional costs for supplies range from $50 to $100.

ENG 201 English Literature I
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course will survey major English writing from Beowulf to the beginnings of Romanticism. Authors read may include Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare, Donne, Milton, Swift, Johnson and others. Prerequisites: ENG 110.

ENG 202 English Literature II
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) The survey of major British authors (essayists, poets, novelists, dramatists) continues in this course. Students will find out how the Romantic Revolution changed our view of humanity, nature, and love; trace the development of the novel; explore the myth of Victorian prudery; enjoy the naughtiness of the electrifying Aesthetic Movement; find out why the 20th century has been called the age of tension and anxiety. The course may include such representative writers as Coleridge, Wordsworth, Byron, Austen, George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans), Browning, Tennyson, Arnold, Wilde, Joyce, Woolf, James, Lawrence, Orwell, Forster, Pound, Yeats, T. S. Eliot, Shaw, and others. Prerequisites: ENG 110.

ENG 205 World Literature
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course will survey major world authors from a variety of countries, excluding the U.S. and Britain. Students may read, write, and discuss a variety of world literature including Russian, South American, European, African, Asian, and others. Prerequisites: ENG 110.

ENG 206 Shakespeare
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) Students will read and examine selected poetry and plays by William Shakespeare. This course will place Shakespeare's writings within the context of his time and society while exploring those themes that speak to a modern "video-age" audience. Prerequisites: ENG 110.

ENG 207 African American Literature
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course will examine African American literature through a variety of genres and voices. Through a wide range of assignments, students will study the specific relationship between African American culture and literature, as well as universal literary themes. Prerequisites: ENG 110.

ENG 230 Women in Literature
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course explores the images of women in selected literature: how they are seen, how they see themselves, what roles they see themselves playing, and where they wish to go. Prerequisites: ENG 110.

ENG 242 Children's Literature
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) Literature for children from the preschool years through the teen years is surveyed in this course. Standards for critical evaluation evolve through reading and research. Prerequisites: ENG 110.

HUM 101 Modern Culture and the Arts
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/4-0-0 (Web) This course is a survey of different styles and approaches to visual art, music, architecture, dance, literature, philosophy, photography, and film throughout human history. Major emphasis is on the interrelationship between art and culture.

HUM 130 Language and Culture
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) Language is a cultural behavior; as such, a particular language is used by its speakers both as a reflector and creator of their culture. In this course, students explore the interrelationship of language and culture. Some discussion topics are cultural variation and linguistic varieties between major groups (language and people in context; language change; legislating language choice; language planning) and those within major groups (variation due to class, region, gender, age, etc.; standard and non-standard varieties; language attitudes). Emphasis is on the power of language as an agent of cultural consensus building and of culture as a shaper of meaningful communication.

HUM 200 Making Connections
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) The humanities, science and technology are human activities which have advanced human knowledge and human understanding. From age to age they have had an influence on how humans perceive the world and their place in it. Our quest is to bring these three activities together to address such human urges as the need to explore, to write poetry, to relate, to work, and to understand nature.

HUM 205 Mythology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course explores the myths and values of many cultures in an attempt to learn the universals of hope and fear and to explore the diversity of imagination. It also allows us a better understanding of ourselves and our cultural conditioning.

HUM 207 Old Testament/Hebrew Bible St
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) The origin and development of Hebrew religion and Judaism as reflected in the Old Testament/Hebrew Bible are studied in this course. Historical, archaeological, and sociological background is emphasized, along with pivotal personalities, central religious concepts, and ethical practices of the Hebrews.

HUM 208 New Testament Studies
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course provides an overview of the historical development of the New Testament. Students will discover the diverse processes by which the books of the New Testament were recognized as authoritative and entered into the canon as authentic. Students will also recognize and learn to interpret different levels of biblical expression such as language, myth, metaphor, allegory, and symbols. Finally, students will research the use of New Testament biblical expressions, symbols, idioms, and allegory in the works of many well known authors. The approach to the study of this topic is primarily academic, scholarly, secular, literary, and critical. That means that the purpose of this course is not to exclusively teach the basics of any church interpretation of the Bible or the New Testament.

MUS 101 Music Appreciation
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This is a study of the substance of music of various styles, including jazz, pop and classical. The course examines such musical elements as melody, harmony, rhythm, and the make-up of performing ensembles, with an emphasis on the development of basic listening skills. It is appropriate for students who are new to the study of music and those wishing to pursue the literature and history of music in greater depth.

MUS 205 Music for Classroom Teacher
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a course for the student majoring in elementary education. Basic music structures are examined through practical experience on the musical instruments that may be used in the elementary classroom. A discussion of the available and appropriate instructional materials is also undertaken.

PHI 100 Great Ideas: In Search/Human
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a study of some of the many ways of being human: the likeness and differences between people and the various ways in which they express their understanding of what it means to be human, both in their ideas and in their actions.

PHI 201 Introduction/Philosophy
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This is an examination of fundamental philosophical problems and concepts presented through the study of selected major philosophers and representative works. It is the study of the traditions of thought in the Western World from Plato to the present.

PHI 205 Ethics
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a critical study of ethical theory, the meaning and justification of moral judgments, and the nature of moral reasoning. Both classical and contemporary writings are examined and discussed.

PHI 209 Comparative Religions
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course presents a study of the major religions of the world and their influence on contemporary humanity, with an examination of the combined role historic religions and contemporary humanity may play in shaping the religious options of the future.

PHI 210 History of Christianity
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) An introduction to Christian institutions, patterns of thinking, and interaction with culture from the New Testament to the present. Equal time is spent on early, medieval, reformation, and modern periods.

FRL 101 Elementary French I
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/4-0-0 (Web) This course offers an introduction to the French language and culture with drill and practice in listening, speaking, reading, and writing French. This first course lays the foundation for a more thorough knowledge of the French language, literature and culture.

FRL 102 Elementary French II
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a continuation of Elementary French I with attention to the geography, history, art, and customs of France and Francophone countries. Prerequisites: FRL 101 or 1 year of high school French.

FRL 103 Elementary German I
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course offers an introduction to the German language and culture with drill and practice in listening, speaking, reading, and writing German. This first course lays the foundation for a more thorough knowledge of the German language, literature and culture.

FRL 104 Elementary German II
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a continuation of Elementary German I with attention to the geography, history, art, and customs of Germany. Prerequisites: FRL 103 or 1 year of high school German.

FRL 105 Elementary Spanish I
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/4-0-0 (Web) This course offers an introduction to the Spanish language and culture with drill and practice in listening, speaking, reading, and writing Spanish. This first course lays the foundation for a more thorough knowledge of the Spanish language, literature, and culture.

FRL 106 Elementary Spanish II
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/4-0-0 (Web) This is a continuation of Elementary Spanish I with attention to the geography, history, art, and customs of Hispanics. Prerequisites: FRL 105 or FRL 131 or 1 year of high school Spanish.

FRL 107 Elementary Russian I
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course offers an introduction to the Russian language and culture with drill and practice in listening, speaking, reading, and writing Russian. This first course lays the foundation for a more thorough knowledge of the Russian language, literature and culture.

FRL 108 Elementary Russian II
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is a continuation of Elementary Russian I with attention to the geography, history, art, and customs of Russia. Prerequisites: FRL 107 or 1 year of high school Russian.

FRL 160 American Sign Language I
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course offers an introduction to American Sign Language through drill and practice of both expressive and receptive skills. Some information on U.S. deaf culture is included. This first course lays the foundation through acquisition of basic vocabulary and knowledge of basic syntax for students to go on to achieve a more thorough knowledge of ASL.

FRL 161 American Sign Language II
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) In this continuation of FRL 160, students further develop their expressive and receptive skills as well as conversational skills through learning new vocabulary and grammar. Some attention is given to the history, customs and diversity of the deaf community and the geographical distribution and diversity of ASL and of the deaf in the U.S. Prerequisites: FRL 160 with a 2.0 or better.

FRL 201 Intermediate French I
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course stresses the development of speaking, reading, and writing skills in French through a general grammar review and the study of French culture. Prerequisites: FRL 102 or 2 years high school French.

FRL 202 Intermediate French II
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) After an intensive grammar review, continued development and refinement of the speaking, reading and writing skills in French are emphasized in this course through the study of cultural selections. Prerequisites: FRL 201 or 3 years of high school French.

FRL 203 Intermediate German I
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a second year course beyond Elementary German I and II with attention to the geography, history, art, and customs of Germany. Prerequisites: FRL 104 or two years of high school German.

FRL 204 Intermediate German II
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) Continued development and refinement of the speaking, reading, and writing skills in German are emphasized in this course through the study of grammatical structures and cultural selection. Prerequisites: FRL 203 or 3 years of high school German.

FRL 205 Intermediate Spanish I
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/4-0-0 (Web) This course stresses the development of speaking, reading, and writing skills in Spanish through a general grammar review and the study of Hispanic culture. Prerequisites: FRL 106 or 2 years of high school Spanish.

FRL 206 Intermediate Spanish II
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/4-0-0 (Web) After an intensive grammar review, continued development and refinement of the speaking, reading and writing skills in Spanish are emphasized in this course through the study of cultural selections. Prerequisites: FRL 205 or 3 years of high school Spanish.

BIO 100 Fundamentals of Biology
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This course will examine the characteristics of living things and the diversity of life. Current biological techniques and topics will also be discussed and the social implications of these technologies will be examined. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Reading score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 44 or MATH 094.

BIO 101 Cellular Biology
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is the beginning course for biology majors and for all other students who plan to take additional biology courses. It satisfies the prerequisite for all other courses in the biology curriculum except BIO 210. Its purpose is to allow students to build a thorough understanding of basic biology by investigating the principles of cell structure, metabolism, genetics, reproduction, development and evolution. Laboratory activities are designed to help students develop investigative ability and basic lab skills needed for continued study of biology, or for employment. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Reading score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and minimum ACT MATH Test score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 44 or MATH 094.

BIO 104 Organismal Biology
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is the second course in a two-semester sequence which begins with BIO 101. Students' knowledge of cell biology will be complemented by studies of evolution, biodiversity and the interrelationships of living things. The course is designed for biology majors and for all other students who plan to take higher-level biology courses. Laboratory activities are designed to engage each student actively in the processes of scientific discovery and analysis. Prerequisites: BIO 101 or instructor's permission. Minimum ACT Reading score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 44 or MATH 094.

BIO 105 Environmental Issues
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) The impact of the individual and human society on our natural environment will be examined and discussed. Historical events, current events and future concerns will be included in relation to each of the potential topics. Technologies that affect our environment both adversely and positively will be discussed. Prerequisites: An introductory science course in biology or chemistry is helpful. Minimum ACT Reading Score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and minimum ACT Math Test Score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 44 or MATH 094.

BIO 120 Ecology and Field Biology
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is a basic course in ecology and field biology which includes ecological principles, environmental history, and current concerns of today's society. The laboratory sessions typically emphasize off-campus field studies of habitats, land use, ecological relationships, etc. Prerequisites: BIO 100 or other college level biology course. Comments: Includes hiking and off-campus trips. Appropriate shoes and clothing recommended.

BIO 121 Field Studies/Environmentl Bio
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This course is designed to use the out-of-doors as a laboratory for investigating our environment and man's environmental problems. Participants will gain first-hand experience in studying the plants, animals and abiotic environment in southwestern Michigan. Throughout the course participants spend most of their time in the field. The indoor classroom becomes simply a "home base" used when necessary for analyzing data and organizing activities. Comments: Includes extensive fieldwork in all weather. Students should wear appropriate clothing and shoes for hiking.

CHM 100 Fundamentals of Chemistry
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab)/4-0-0 (Web) This one-semester course is intended to introduce the non-science major to the basic concepts of chemistry. Topics will include elements, compounds, atomic structure, chemical bonding, chemical equations, reaction energy, solutions, acid-base chemistry and gases. Prerequisites: A minimum ACT Reading score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and a minimum ACT Math Test score of 19 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 79 or MATH 096.

CHM 120 General Chemistry I
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is an introductory college chemistry course emphasizing mathematical relationships in chemistry. Contents include chemical terminology; stoichiometry, property of gases, atomic theory; chemical bonding, introduction to solution chemistry and thermochemistry. Prerequisites: A minimum ACT Reading score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and a minimum ACT Math Test score of 22 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 65 or MATH 116.

CHM 130 General Chemistry II
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is the second semester of general college chemistry. Topics will include solution chemistry, kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, solubility, thermodynamics and electrochemistry. Additional topics may include nuclear chemistry, coordination compounds and/or an introduction to organic chemistry. Laboratory exercises will enhance the topics of the course. Prerequisites: CHM 120 and MATH 150 or equivalent.

GEO 109 Earth Science Elem Teacher I
3-2-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This inquiry-based course is designed for prospective elementary teachers. Students will develop an understanding of key earth science concepts and their interrelationships; use problem solving that facilitate insight in the nature of science as an intellectual activity, explore concepts of scientific phenomena, and develop more positive attitudes about science and increase their confidence in their ability to do science. Study will include the sciences of meteorology, physical geography, cartography, and geomorphology (landscape development).

GEO 110 Physical Geology
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is an introductory course in Physical Geology that explores Earth as a dynamic planet. Includes discussion of physical processes and the subsequent phenomena associated with them: plate tectonics, earthquakes and volcanoes, mountain building, weather and erosion, glaciations, stream patterns and ground water flow. Laboratories offer experience in earth material identification, map reading, structural geology and surface processes. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Writing score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or ENG 110 and minimum Reading ACT score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra test score of 44 or MATH 094.

GEO 120 Physical Geography
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is a one-semester course in Physical Geography. The course will systematically analyze the principle 'spheres' of man's physical environment, namely the Atmosphere, the Lithosphere, Biosphere, and the Hydrosphere. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or ENG 110, minimum ACT Reading Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102, minimum ACT Math Test score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 44 or MATH 094.

GEO 209 Earth Science Elem Teacher II
3-2-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This inquiry-based course is designed for prospective elementary teachers. Students will develop an understanding of key earth science concepts and their interrelationships; use problem solving that facilitate insight in the nature of science as an intellectual activity, explore concepts of scientific phenomena, and develop more positive attitudes about science and increase their confidence in their ability to do science. Study will include the earth sciences of geology, hydrology, astronomy, seismology, and volcanology.

MATH 114 Mathematical Ideas
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a liberal arts mathematics course primarily intended for students who are not majoring in business or science. This course will investigate several topics found in traditional mathematics courses but the approach will be nontraditional, encompassing aspects of constructing knowledge and understanding through a cooperative learning environment. Emphasis will be placed on developing quantitative literacy in the following content areas: problem solving, probability, statistics, finance, and geometry. Prerequisites: MATH 096, or equivalent.

MATH 120 Finite Mathematics
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a mathematics course for business, social science, and liberal arts students. Problem solving using algebra, calculator, and computer techniques for business applications is the major goal of the course. Topics include systems of equations and inequalities, matrix methods, linear programming, financial mathematics, combinations, permutations, sets, and probability. Other topics may include the simplex algorithm, logic, networks, Markov chains, and an introduction to statistics. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Math Test score of 22 or COMPASS Algebra Test score of 65 or MATH 116.

MATH 140 Number Concepts Elem/MS Teach
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course gives the elementary/middle school education student a foundation in the structure of arithmetic and an introduction to algebra, problem solving and number theory. Topics include sets, numeration systems, operation on whole numbers and signed integers, fractions, decimals, percents, estimation and mathematical sentences. Passing a proficiency test in arithmetic is necessary for completion of this course. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Math Test score of 22 or COMPASS Algebra Test score of 65 or MATH 116. Comments: A graphing calculator is required. For Math education students, the TI-73 is required.

MATH 142 Geometry Elem/MS Teachers
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course gives the elementary education student a foundation in the exploration and analysis of the ideas of both planar and spatial geometry appropriate to the elementary/middle school program. Topics include analysis of common plane and space figures, measurement with the customary and metric systems, triangle congruence and similarity, coordinate geometry, compass and straightedge constructions, transformations and symmetry, computer activities using Geometer's Sketchpad and Logo, and Geoboard activities using the TI-73 calculator. Prerequisites: MATH 140 with a 2.0 or higher. Comments: A textbook and course supplement will be required for this course. Students will also need to have a ruler, protractor, and compass. The TI-73 calculator, from Texas Insturments, is required for this course.

MATH 150 College Algebra
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is an elementary functions course designed to prepare students for advanced study in mathematics or related fields. Topics include real numbers, complex numbers, polynomial and rational functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, systems of equations, matrices, rational exponents, solution of higher degree equations and inequalities, sequences and series. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Math Test score of 22 or COMPASS Algebra Test score of 65 or MATH 116.

MATH 152 Trigonometry
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course includes the solution of right and oblique triangles, analytical trigonometry, graphs of circular functions, identities, solution of trigonometric equations and inequalities, and inverse functions. Prerequisites: MATH 150 or equivalent with a 2.0 grade. Comments: A graphing calculator is required. The TI-83 Plus is recommended.

MATH 156 Precalculus/Trigonometry
5-5-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course, which includes the study of advanced algebra and trigonometry, was designed to prepare students for study in advanced mathematics, particularly Calculus, and related fields. Topics include equations and inequalities, polynomial, rational, logarithmic, exponential, and trigonometric functions, complex numbers, analytic geometry, and applications of trigonometry. Prerequisites: MATH 150 or equivalent with a 2.0 grade or higher.

MATH 158 Applied Calculus
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a course in the applications of calculus for majors in Business, Social Science, or a Life Science. The topics include functions, rates, limits, differentiation, and integration. Students should not take both this course and MATH 160. Prerequisites: MATH 120 or MATH 150 or equivalent.

MATH 160 Calculus 1 & Analytic Geometry
5-5-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This serves as an introductory course in the mechanics of differentiation and integration. Topics include the analytic geometry of functions, limits and continuity, the derivative and its applications, the integral and its applications, and the analysis of exponential and logarithmic functions. Prerequisites: MATH 156 or equivalent with a 2.0 grade. Comments: A graphing calculator and computer literacy skills required.

MATH 220 Probability and Statistics
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is an introductory course in descriptive and inferential statistics for students in business, liberal arts, psychology, and science. Included are measurements, scales, probability, binomial distribution, normal distribution, correlation, regression, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and nonparametric statistics. Students will be required to use statistical software on a computer. Prerequisites: MATH 120 or MATH 150 or permission of instructor. Comments: May require a graphing calculator. The TI-83 Plus is recommended.

PHY 100 Fundamentals of Physics
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab) A one-semester course that is intended to introduce the non-science or non-technical major to the broad concepts of physics. It uses a somewhat philosophical approach and does not emphasize mathematical rigor. It includes a survey of topics in mechanics, heat, sound, light, electricity, and modern physics. Prerequisites: A minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or ENG 110 and minimum ACT Reading score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 44 or MATH 094 or instructor's permission.

PHY 111 College Physics I
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab)/4-0-0 (Web) This is a first non-calculus course in general college physics intended for students in pre-science. Topics included are mechanics, heat, and sound, using mathematical skills of algebra and trigonometry. Prerequisites: A minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or ENG 110 and minimum ACT Reading score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 26 or COMPASS Algebra Skills Test score of 79 or MATH 152.

PHY 124 Astronomy of the Solar System
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard lab) In this course, students will be introduced to the Sky and the Solar System. Laboratory exercises will be emphasized. The Sun, the Moon, the Planets, and constellations will be observed and analyzed using the Planetarium and Telescopes. Methods of calculating the positions of astronomical objects will be introduced. Hands-on experiments include mapping the heavens, making and reading star maps, analyzing light to understand its nature, and the principles of telescope design. Students will understand the mechanics of our solar system and our galaxy and learn some of the properties of planets, satellites, stars and galaxies. The course will be enhanced through examples from the fields of astrophysics, astrobiology, and astrogeology. Prerequisites: A minimum ACT Math Test score of 20 or COMPASS Algebra Test score of 34 or MATH 096.

PHY 221 Engineering Physics I
5-4-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is the first course in physics for students who plan to major in engineering or physics. Topics included are mechanics, sound, and heat. These topics are studied using appropriate skills from calculus. Prerequisites: MATH 162. Corequisites: MATH 130.

BUS 101 Business Principles/Practices
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This is a survey of the functions related to general business operations such as the role of business in the community, the forms of ownership, the means of production in modern industry, the relationship of labor and management, the trends in contemporary business, the system of marketing, and the dimensions of business finance. It includes a hands-on study of the stock market.

ECO 201 Macroeconomics
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This principles course surveys basic macroeconomic theories and applications. Macroeconomics is the study of total or "aggregate" economic activity. For instance, the course investigates the problems of inflation and unemployment. Major topics also include: GDP measurement, national income determination, money and banking, fiscal and monetary policy, and international finance. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or successful completion of ENG 110 and minimum ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 20 or COMPASS Algebra Test score of 34 or MATH 096.

ECO 202 Microeconomics
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This course surveys basic microeconomic theories and applications. Microeconomics is the study of how consumers, wokers, firms, and givernment behave with respect to the choices each must make. The course centers on price and output determination in a market system. Related topics include: consumer choice, cost behavior, competition versus monomoply, and resource markets. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or successful completion of ENG 110 and minimum ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 20 or COMPASS Algebra Test score of 34 or MATH 096.

HRY 100 Early Western Civilization
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is an examination of the political, social, economic, and cultural development of Europe from the Ancient World to the seventeenth century.

HRY 101 Modern Western Civilization
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course provides a consideration of the movements and events from which modern Western institutions and culture have evolved from the seventeenth century to modern times.

HRY 150 World Civilization
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) The diversity of human experience will be explored through examination of contrasting paths of social, political, economic, and cultural development within the family of man throughout the world. Emphasis will be placed on the many individual non-Western traditions as well as the emerging world culture of the twenty-first century. Prerequisites: Minimum ASSET Writing Skills score of 41 or COMPASS score of 70 or successful completion of ENG 098 or ENG 099 and minimum ASSET Reading score of 36 or COMPASS score of 61 or TRS 096 and TRS 105.

HRY 207 History of Russia
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) A survey of modern Russian history with some emphasis on tsarist foundations, this course traces Europe's influence on Russia, the beginnings of the Revolution of 1917, the evolution of the former USSR, and its impact on the world.

HRY 210 History of the Far East
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) A survey of civilization in the Far East, this course focuses on China and Japan. Emphasis is given to the transformation of the Far East in modern times under the influence of the West. Topics such as imperialism, nationalism, and the social, political, and economic development within the major countries are explored. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160 or a minimum ACT Writing score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or successful completion of ENG 098 or ENG 099 and minimum Reading ACT score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

HRY 230 Women in History
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course takes a historical approach to the roles, status, and contributions of women. Attention is given to the influence of women in civilization: their contributions to the arts, sciences, and literature, and their political activities.

HRY 240 African American Experience
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This survey course is designed to familiarize students with the historical and contemporary discussions of the African- American experience. Students, through readings, lectures and discussions, will engage historical, literary and scholarly considerations.

PSI 100 Introduction/Political Science
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This class will examine principles of political science. Topics to be discussed are ideological differences (e.g. Liberalism, Communism, Fascism), comparative governments (e.g. American Constitutionalism and Parliamentarian), American Federalism, international relations, and the roles of legislatures, executives, and judiciaries.

PSI 101 American Government
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This course serves as an introduction to American Government by examining the characteristics of the legislative, executive and judicial branches. The course also looks at the role played by political parties, interest groups, the media, and foreign policy.

PSI 201 International Relations
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is a study of the factors and forces that impact relations among countries including their political, economic, military, social and cultural characteristics. There is a strong emphasis on issued-based analysis of major global challenges and problems, such as human rights, inequality, justice, development, conflict, cooperation, security, environment and global interdependence. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160 and Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or ENG 098 or ENG 099 and ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

PSI 202 Comparative Government
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a study of the major political forces, processes, institutions, and performances of several countries around the world. The countries of Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, China, and Nigeria will be studied in terms of history, socio-political culture, governmental institutions and political processes and performance. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160 and Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or ENG 098 or ENG 099 and ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

PSI 250 World Security
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a study of major issues or aspects of world security. It attempts to reconceptualize the way we think about the nature and pursuit of security. There is an effort to stimulate a fundamental rethinking of the nature and the goals of human security, involving a recognition of the need to link national security to the well being of the world at large. The concept of security is examined in terms of military, diplomatic, economic, socio-cultural, and environmental perspectives. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160 and Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or ENG 098 or ENG 099 and ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

PSY 150 Introductory Psychology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This is a general introduction to the science of behavior. Topics include research methods and data analysis, child development, learning, applied behavior analysis, memory, intelligence, states of consciousness, the physiological bases of behavior, behavioral health, personality, abnormal behavior, and treatment techniques. Prerequisites: A minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or ENG 098 or ENG 099 and minimum ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

PSY 160 Human Growth and Development
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is a life span survey of human growth and development. Developmental norms are emphasized to describe, explain, and predict major patterns of development. The theoretical perspectives presented in PSY 150 are expanded and given specific application in the human life span. Prerequisites: Completion of PSY 150 with a grade of 2.0 or higher.

SOC 102 Principles of Sociology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course consists of an investigation of the fundamental areas of sociology emphasizing the sociological perspective in the study of the individual in society including the global community, inequalities in contemporary society, social institutions, and an analysis of the rapidly changing world. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

SOC 103 Contemporary Social Problems
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) The study of social problems is designed to help an individual develop a high level of social consciousness. Several theoretical perspectives are examined to determine their usefulness in understanding social problems. A number of topics are identified to see why they are problems and what solutions might be possible. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

SOC 205 Racial and Ethnic Relations
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course focuses on racial, ethnic, and multicultural relations primarily in the United States, but attention will be paid to such relations in other countries. Basic concepts such as prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination, power, adaptation, and change will be developed into a theoretical framework that will be applied to an analysis and discussion of selected racial and ethnic groups.

WPE 101 Principles of Fitness & Health
2-2-0 (Lecture/Discussion) Students will learn the components of health related fitness. Topics include cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, strength, flexibility, nutrition, substance abuse, holistic health, and STD's. Discussion as well as activity is a part of most topics. Each student plans and implements a personal exercise program.

WPE 120 Nutrition for Wellness
2-2-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course provides a study of the basic nutrients and their relationship to good health, weight control and exercise.

WPE 124 Holistic Health
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is an introduction to the basic principles and practices in the field of holistic health and wellness. Special emphasis is given to the philosophy of holisms in psychology, medicine and fitness, as well as specific techniques to enhance each student's individual experience toward wellness.

COM 223 Interpers Comm Across Cultures
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This course is designed to follow COM 113 and builds on principles of interpersonal communication. Students will explore concepts and models specific to communication across cultural boundaries and then apply these to at least one cultural situation outside the U.S. Students will also examine the culture of U.S., various co-cultures and gender as a communication culture. To these ends, readings, discussions, practice, research and writing are used. Prerequisites: COM 113.

ECO 240 International Economics
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is the study of the flow of commodities, services, and capital across national boundaries. Analyses and implications of international trade and finance are integrated with aspects of theory, policy and enterprise. Special reference is made to the international economic policies of the United States. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160 and Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or successful completion of ENG 110 and a minimum ACT Math Test score of 22 or COMPASS Algebra Skills Test score of 65 or MATH 116.

ENG 205 World Literature
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course will survey major world authors from a variety of countries, excluding the U.S. and Britain. Students may read, write, and discuss a variety of world literature including Russian, South American, European, African, Asian, and others. Prerequisites: ENG 110.

GEO 120 Physical Geography
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is a one-semester course in Physical Geography. The course will systematically analyze the principle 'spheres' of man's physical environment, namely the Atmosphere, the Lithosphere, Biosphere, and the Hydrosphere. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or ENG 110, minimum ACT Reading Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102, minimum ACT Math Test score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 44 or MATH 094.

GEO 209 Earth Science Elem Teacher II
3-2-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This inquiry-based course is designed for prospective elementary teachers. Students will develop an understanding of key earth science concepts and their interrelationships; use problem solving that facilitate insight in the nature of science as an intellectual activity, explore concepts of scientific phenomena, and develop more positive attitudes about science and increase their confidence in their ability to do science. Study will include the earth sciences of geology, hydrology, astronomy, seismology, and volcanology.

HRY 150 World Civilization
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) The diversity of human experience will be explored through examination of contrasting paths of social, political, economic, and cultural development within the family of man throughout the world. Emphasis will be placed on the many individual non-Western traditions as well as the emerging world culture of the twenty-first century. Prerequisites: Minimum ASSET Writing Skills score of 41 or COMPASS score of 70 or successful completion of ENG 098 or ENG 099 and minimum ASSET Reading score of 36 or COMPASS score of 61 or TRS 096 and TRS 105.

HRY 207 History of Russia
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) A survey of modern Russian history with some emphasis on tsarist foundations, this course traces Europe's influence on Russia, the beginnings of the Revolution of 1917, the evolution of the former USSR, and its impact on the world.

HRY 210 History of the Far East
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) A survey of civilization in the Far East, this course focuses on China and Japan. Emphasis is given to the transformation of the Far East in modern times under the influence of the West. Topics such as imperialism, nationalism, and the social, political, and economic development within the major countries are explored. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160 or a minimum ACT Writing score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or successful completion of ENG 098 or ENG 099 and minimum Reading ACT score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

HRY 230 Women in History
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course takes a historical approach to the roles, status, and contributions of women. Attention is given to the influence of women in civilization: their contributions to the arts, sciences, and literature, and their political activities.

HUM 130 Language and Culture
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) Language is a cultural behavior; as such, a particular language is used by its speakers both as a reflector and creator of their culture. In this course, students explore the interrelationship of language and culture. Some discussion topics are cultural variation and linguistic varieties between major groups (language and people in context; language change; legislating language choice; language planning) and those within major groups (variation due to class, region, gender, age, etc.; standard and non-standard varieties; language attitudes). Emphasis is on the power of language as an agent of cultural consensus building and of culture as a shaper of meaningful communication.

HUM 205 Mythology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course explores the myths and values of many cultures in an attempt to learn the universals of hope and fear and to explore the diversity of imagination. It also allows us a better understanding of ourselves and our cultural conditioning.

HUM 210 China: Culture and History
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This course examines the contrasts and contradictions of the oldest continuing civilization on earth, China, as its place in today's world. The course will focus on everyday activities that are found in all societies, so that students will see both the differences and what we all have in common. Prerequisites: A minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or successful completion of ENG 098 or ENG 099 and a minimum ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

PHI 209 Comparative Religions
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course presents a study of the major religions of the world and their influence on contemporary humanity, with an examination of the combined role historic religions and contemporary humanity may play in shaping the religious options of the future.

PSI 201 International Relations
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is a study of the factors and forces that impact relations among countries including their political, economic, military, social and cultural characteristics. There is a strong emphasis on issued-based analysis of major global challenges and problems, such as human rights, inequality, justice, development, conflict, cooperation, security, environment and global interdependence. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160 and Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or ENG 098 or ENG 099 and ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

PSI 202 Comparative Government
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a study of the major political forces, processes, institutions, and performances of several countries around the world. The countries of Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, China, and Nigeria will be studied in terms of history, socio-political culture, governmental institutions and political processes and performance. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160 and Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or ENG 098 or ENG 099 and ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

PSI 250 World Security
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a study of major issues or aspects of world security. It attempts to reconceptualize the way we think about the nature and pursuit of security. There is an effort to stimulate a fundamental rethinking of the nature and the goals of human security, involving a recognition of the need to link national security to the well being of the world at large. The concept of security is examined in terms of military, diplomatic, economic, socio-cultural, and environmental perspectives. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160 and Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or ENG 098 or ENG 099 and ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

SOC 201 Intro to Cultural Anthropology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is a survey of cultural anthropology. Cultural anthropology is the examination of the various ways people have coped with life's challenges. It includes archaeology, linguistics, and ethnology. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

SOC 207 Southern Africa/Region Studies
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course provides students with an enhanced understanding of the history, democratization, economic development, aftermath of war and liberation struggles, racial and ethnic strife, apartheid, gender and politics, and the AIDS crisis in Southern Africa.