Law Enforcement/Certification

EMT 106 Medical First Responder/LEN
3-2-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This course is a study of all the topics and skills required of a Red Cross Medical First Responder. Successful students will earn the Red Cross Medical First Responder Certificate at the conclusion of the course. It also meets the first aid training requirements as set forth by the Michigan Commission on Law Enforcement Standards for law enforcement certification candidates. Prerequisites: Track program application on file and authorized by the LEN program director.

LEN 101 Intro Law Enforc/Crim Justice
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is an introduction to the history, philosophy, concepts and problems of law enforcement. A survey is made of the various fields of law enforcement, the courts and corrections. Professional career opportunities are reviewed. Comment: This is a first semester level course.

LEN 102 Police Organization/Administra
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is an introduction to basic leadership, supervision and administrative concepts. Organizational behavior and issues specific to law enforcement agency administration are examined. Comment: This is a third semester level course. Completion of LEN 101, ENG 110 and/or ENG 127 is recommended. Completion of or concurrent enrollment in LEN 132, 134, 203, and 204 is encouraged.

LEN 106 Criminal Law and Procedure
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course provides a study of legal issues to conduct investigations, substantive criminal law, criminal procedure, court functions, civil law, and juvenile law. Comment: This is a fourth semester level course. Completion of LEN 101, ENG 110 and/or ENG 127 is recommended. Completion of or concurrent enrollment in LEN 102, 132, 134, 203, and 204 is encouraged.

LEN 150 Fundamentals of Marksmanship
2-1.5-.5 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This course provides instruction in the basic fundamentals of marksmanship and firearms safety. It also explores the nomenclature and functions of firearms and ammunition. Under direct supervision, students will practice the fundamentals of basic marksmanship to gain proficiency. Prerequisites: Completed MCOLES program application on file; registration authorization and permission from LEN program director. MCOLES Reading and Writing test passed; MCOLES Physical Skills test passed.

LEN 201 Criminal Investigation
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course surveys investigative procedures relative to warrantless searches, preliminary investigation, crime scene process, detention and prosecution, case prosecution, and gathering intelligence relative to raids. Opportunities for skill development are provided. Prerequisites: Completed MCOLES program application on file; registration authorization and permission from LEN program director.

LEN 202 Motor Vehicle Traffic
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course deals with motor vehicle laws. Proper vehicle stops, traffic control, enforcement of the laws against operating under the influence of controlled substances, and motor vehicle accident investigation are included. Prerequisites: Completed track program application on file; MCOLES Reading and Writing test passed; registration authorization and/or permission from LEN program director. MCOLES Physical Skills test passed.

LEN 203 Criminology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is a study of the nature and extent of crime and various causation theories linked to criminal behavior. This is a second semester level course. Completion of or concurrent enrollment in LEN 101 is recommended.

LEN 204 Delinquency Prevention/Control
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is a study of the role of law enforcement and components of the criminal justice system that address juvenile delinquency. Various legal concepts, causation factors, and preventive measures are studied. Comments: This is a third semester level course. Completion of LEN 101 is recommended. Compltion of or concurrent enrollment in LEN 203, LEN 132, ENG 110, and/or ENG 127 is encouraged.

LEN 206 Emergency Vehicle Operations
2-1-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) Precision maneuvering techniques for safe operation of emergency vehicles are taught and practiced. Additionally, information on laws, policies and accepted procedures governing emergency vehicles operations are studied. Prerequisites: Completed MCOLES application on file; registration authorization and permission from LEN program director; must have medical and automobile insurance coverage and a valid operator's license verified by a computerized copy of your driving record; MCOLES Physical Skills and written test passed.

LEN 241 Police Physical Skills
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course will focus on pressure point control defensive tactics, foot pursuits of subject, control and transportation of prisoners, handcuffing, subject apprehension, use of non-lethal and impact weapons, weapon retention, officer safety and survival, and control of civil disorders. Prerequisites: Completed MCOLES application on file, registration authorization and permission from LEN Program Director.

LEN 242 Tactical Firearms
4-2-6 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This course will focus on firearms safety, policies and liabilities and legal issues involved in deadly force situations. Skill development on the firing range with a pistol, revolver, shotgun and patrol rifle will focus on surviving armed confrontations. Prerequisites: Completed MCOLES program application on file; registration authorization and permission from LEN program director.

LEN 243 Patrol Procedures
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course provides skill development in general and special police subjects. Topics include patrol operations, interpersonal communication/conflict mediation, patrol techniques, and report writing issues dealing with juveniles, emergency preparedness/disaster control, explosive devices plus civil disorders are covered. Prerequisites: Completed MCOLES program application on file; registration authorization and permission from LEN program director.

LEN 253 Police Practical Problems
3-2.7-1 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This course covers objectives as promulgated by MCOLES (Michigan Commission on Law Enforcement Standards). In addition, it affords the student the opportunity to apply practical and cognitive skills in a work related setting. Prerequisites: Completed MCOLES program application on file; registration authorization and permission from LEN program director.

PSI 102 State and Local Government
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a study of state and local politics with emphasis on the role of the governmental institutions that provide and administer public schools, social services, infrastructure needs, and the courts. The course also offers an in-depth look at the Michigan state government and its relationship to the United States federal government.

ENG 110 College Writing I
3-3-0 (Composition)/3-0-0 (Web) This college writing course will help students become more competent and confident writers. It will enable students to practice and become more skillful in the different stages of the writing process: generating ideas, planning and organizing, rough-draft writing, revising, refining, and proofreading. Students will write a variety of papers, no less than six, such as papers narrating and describing experiences, summarizing information, explaining an idea or concept, and supporting an opinion. Other assignments may include a journal, a letter seeking employment, a letter to the editor, and answering essay exams. Research skills, such as using the library and following appropriate documentation style in citing sources, will be taught. Students will improve their grammar, style, and thinking skills and learn how to produce writing necessary for success in further academic and employment pursuits. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or ENG 098 or ENG 099 and ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

ENG 127 Technical Writing
3-3-0 (Composition) This course will introduce students to the principles of professional written communication. Students will write a variety of documents including letters, emails, reports, and instructions. They will learn to carefully focus text to meet audience needs and to integrate text with graphics and tables. Also, students will refine their research skills using APA Style. Prerequisites: ENG 110.

BIO 100 Fundamentals of Biology
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This course will examine the characteristics of living things and the diversity of life. Current biological techniques and topics will also be discussed and the social implications of these technologies will be examined. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Reading score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 44 or MATH 094.

BIO 101 Cellular Biology
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is the beginning course for biology majors and for all other students who plan to take additional biology courses. It satisfies the prerequisite for all other courses in the biology curriculum except BIO 210. Its purpose is to allow students to build a thorough understanding of basic biology by investigating the principles of cell structure, metabolism, genetics, reproduction, development and evolution. Laboratory activities are designed to help students develop investigative ability and basic lab skills needed for continued study of biology, or for employment. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Reading score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and minimum ACT MATH Test score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 44 or MATH 094.

BIO 104 Organismal Biology
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is the second course in a two-semester sequence which begins with BIO 101. Students' knowledge of cell biology will be complemented by studies of evolution, biodiversity and the interrelationships of living things. The course is designed for biology majors and for all other students who plan to take higher-level biology courses. Laboratory activities are designed to engage each student actively in the processes of scientific discovery and analysis. Prerequisites: BIO 101 or instructor's permission. Minimum ACT Reading score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 44 or MATH 094.

BIO 105 Environmental Issues
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) The impact of the individual and human society on our natural environment will be examined and discussed. Historical events, current events and future concerns will be included in relation to each of the potential topics. Technologies that affect our environment both adversely and positively will be discussed. Prerequisites: An introductory science course in biology or chemistry is helpful. Minimum ACT Reading Score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and minimum ACT Math Test Score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 44 or MATH 094.

BIO 110 Anatomy and Physiology
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This one semester course presents a detailed study of structure and function of the eleven (11) human body systems. Emphasis is placed on normal body systems. Laboratory exercises require hands-on experiences with three dimensional models, photomicrography, and virtual anatomy software. Prerequisites: HIGHLY RECOMMENDED: HCR 118 or BIO 101.

BIO 120 Ecology and Field Biology
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is a basic course in ecology and field biology which includes ecological principles, environmental history, and current concerns of today's society. The laboratory sessions typically emphasize off-campus field studies of habitats, land use, ecological relationships, etc. Prerequisites: BIO 100 or other college level biology course. Comments: Includes hiking and off-campus trips. Appropriate shoes and clothing recommended.

BIO 121 Field Studies/Environmentl Bio
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This course is designed to use the out-of-doors as a laboratory for investigating our environment and man's environmental problems. Participants will gain first-hand experience in studying the plants, animals and abiotic environment in southwestern Michigan. Throughout the course participants spend most of their time in the field. The indoor classroom becomes simply a "home base" used when necessary for analyzing data and organizing activities. Comments: Includes extensive fieldwork in all weather. Students should wear appropriate clothing and shoes for hiking.

BIO 130 Microbiology
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is a basic microbiology course that introduces students to the principles of microbiology with an emphasis on health career applications. Lecture and discussion sessions present the principles of microbiological morphology, physiology, reproduction and pathology. Laboratory exercises develop standard microbiology lab skills in the identification, culture, control and assay of microorganisms. Prerequisites: HCR 118 or BIO 101.

BIO 201 Genetics
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This course is recommended for students majoring in biology, pre-medicine, or related fields. It is a survey of modern principles of heredity. Students will investigate the nature of genes, patterns of inheritance and the interactions of heredity and environment. Genetic systems of a variety of living things, including humans, will be studied. Prerequisites: BIO 101.

BIO 210 Human Physiology
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This one-semester course presents the physiological principles which account for the regulation of body functions in humans. Normal physiology in the human is explored by emphasizing the role of cells, tissues and organ systems in maintaining body function. The course uses a lecture and laboratory format to illustrate the concepts of physiology and provide the foundation for further study in the health careers. Prerequisites: BIO 110.

BUS 102 Math for Business & Industry
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/4-0-0 (Web) This course is a practical application of mathematics to the problems of business and industry including percentage, simple interest and discounts, averages, compound interest, and commission. Units of the course will cover depreciation, payroll, taxes, tables, and charts.

CHM 100 Fundamentals of Chemistry
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab)/4-0-0 (Web) This one-semester course is intended to introduce the non-science major to the basic concepts of chemistry. Topics will include elements, compounds, atomic structure, chemical bonding, chemical equations, reaction energy, solutions, acid-base chemistry and gases. Prerequisites: A minimum ACT Reading score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and a minimum ACT Math Test score of 19 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 79 or MATH 096.

CHM 110 Fundamentals/Organic Chemistry
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is a course intended to introduce students to the fundamentals of organic chemistry and basic biochemistry. Topics will include the structures, nomenclature, major reactions and preparations of organic compounds. The compounds will include: alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, ethers, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, acids and their derivatives, amines, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Structural and stereoisomerism will also be discussed. The laboratory will focus on basic reactions, physical properties and structures of the compounds covered. Prerequisites: CHM 100.

CHM 120 General Chemistry I
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is an introductory college chemistry course emphasizing mathematical relationships in chemistry. Contents include chemical terminology; stoichiometry, property of gases, atomic theory; chemical bonding, introduction to solution chemistry and thermochemistry. Prerequisites: A minimum ACT Reading score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and a minimum ACT Math Test score of 22 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 65 or MATH 116.

CHM 130 General Chemistry II
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is the second semester of general college chemistry. Topics will include solution chemistry, kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, solubility, thermodynamics and electrochemistry. Additional topics may include nuclear chemistry, coordination compounds and/or an introduction to organic chemistry. Laboratory exercises will enhance the topics of the course. Prerequisites: CHM 120 and MATH 150 or equivalent.

CHM 220 Organic Chemistry I
5-4-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is a general organic chemistry course covering nomenclature, physical properties, reactions of, preparations of, analysis of, and mechanisms of reaction for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cyclics, alkyl halides and dienes. Analysis will include an introduction to infrared and chromatography. Prerequisites: One year of inorganic chemistry (CHM 120 and CHM 130) or equivalent.

CHM 230 Organic Chemistry II
5-4-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is a continuation of CHM 220 covering aromatics, aldehydes, ketones, acids and their derivatives, amines, alcohols, ethers, eposices, phenols and aryl halides. Analysis will include infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, chromatography and mass spectrometry. Prerequisites: CHM 220 or equivalent.

CHM 250 Chemical Instrumentation
4-3-3 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This course is designed to present the common laboratory methods in instrumental analysis. Topics will include spectroscopy and chromatography. For each topic, the essential chemical theories will be presented, as well as the basics of instrument design, maintenance, and operation. Specific topics may include Ultra Violet and Infra Red, and Nuclear Magnetic spectroscopies. Gas and High Performance Liquid chromatographies will also be covered, as well as X-ray and atomic absorption. Some emphasis will be given to instrument setup, basic maintenance and troubleshooting, as well as sample preparation and analysis of instrument outputs. Prerequisites: CHM 220 or equivalent.

GEO 110 Physical Geology
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is an introductory course in Physical Geology that explores Earth as a dynamic planet. Includes discussion of physical processes and the subsequent phenomena associated with them: plate tectonics, earthquakes and volcanoes, mountain building, weather and erosion, glaciations, stream patterns and ground water flow. Laboratories offer experience in earth material identification, map reading, structural geology and surface processes. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Writing score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or ENG 110 and minimum Reading ACT score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra test score of 44 or MATH 094.

GEO 120 Physical Geography
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is a one-semester course in Physical Geography. The course will systematically analyze the principle 'spheres' of man's physical environment, namely the Atmosphere, the Lithosphere, Biosphere, and the Hydrosphere. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or ENG 110, minimum ACT Reading Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102, minimum ACT Math Test score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 44 or MATH 094.

MATH 106 Technical Mathematics
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course contains the core mathematics common to several technical programs. Topics include operations with real and signed numbers, basic algebraic operations, linear algebra, right angle and oblique trigonometry, applied trigonometry, applied geometry, vectors, graphical representation of equations including slope and distance. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Math Test score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Skills Test score of 44 or MATH 092 or MATH 094.

MATH 114 Mathematical Ideas
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a liberal arts mathematics course primarily intended for students who are not majoring in business or science. This course will investigate several topics found in traditional mathematics courses but the approach will be nontraditional, encompassing aspects of constructing knowledge and understanding through a cooperative learning environment. Emphasis will be placed on developing quantitative literacy in the following content areas: problem solving, probability, statistics, finance, and geometry. Prerequisites: MATH 096, or equivalent.

MATH 116 Intermediate Algebra
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/4-0-0 (Web) This course is intended for students who need to master the concepts often covered in a second-year high school algebra course. Topics include linear, quadratic, power, rational, radical, and exponential functions; linear and quadratic equations and inequalities; graphing linear and quadratic functions; and solving systems of equations in two and three variables. Special emphasis will be placed on applications and modeling. A graphing calculator will be used to investigate graphical and numerical approaches to equation and problem solving. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Math Test score of 20 or COMPASS Algebra Skills Test score of 34 or MATH 096.

MATH 120 Finite Mathematics
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a mathematics course for business, social science, and liberal arts students. Problem solving using algebra, calculator, and computer techniques for business applications is the major goal of the course. Topics include systems of equations and inequalities, matrix methods, linear programming, financial mathematics, combinations, permutations, sets, and probability. Other topics may include the simplex algorithm, logic, networks, Markov chains, and an introduction to statistics. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Math Test score of 22 or COMPASS Algebra Test score of 65 or MATH 116.

MATH 150 College Algebra
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is an elementary functions course designed to prepare students for advanced study in mathematics or related fields. Topics include real numbers, complex numbers, polynomial and rational functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, systems of equations, matrices, rational exponents, solution of higher degree equations and inequalities, sequences and series. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Math Test score of 22 or COMPASS Algebra Test score of 65 or MATH 116.

MATH 152 Trigonometry
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course includes the solution of right and oblique triangles, analytical trigonometry, graphs of circular functions, identities, solution of trigonometric equations and inequalities, and inverse functions. Prerequisites: MATH 150 or equivalent with a 2.0 grade. Comments: A graphing calculator is required. The TI-83 Plus is recommended.

MATH 156 Precalculus/Trigonometry
5-5-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course, which includes the study of advanced algebra and trigonometry, was designed to prepare students for study in advanced mathematics, particularly Calculus, and related fields. Topics include equations and inequalities, polynomial, rational, logarithmic, exponential, and trigonometric functions, complex numbers, analytic geometry, and applications of trigonometry. Prerequisites: MATH 150 or equivalent with a 2.0 grade or higher.

MATH 158 Applied Calculus
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a course in the applications of calculus for majors in Business, Social Science, or a Life Science. The topics include functions, rates, limits, differentiation, and integration. Students should not take both this course and MATH 160. Prerequisites: MATH 120 or MATH 150 or equivalent.

MATH 160 Calculus 1 & Analytic Geometry
5-5-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This serves as an introductory course in the mechanics of differentiation and integration. Topics include the analytic geometry of functions, limits and continuity, the derivative and its applications, the integral and its applications, and the analysis of exponential and logarithmic functions. Prerequisites: MATH 156 or equivalent with a 2.0 grade. Comments: A graphing calculator and computer literacy skills required.

MATH 162 Calculus 2 & Analytic Geometry
5-5-0 (Lecture/Discussion) A continuation of MATH 160, this course assumes a basic knowledge of derivatives and integrals. This course includes the analysis of the trigonometric functions and their inverses, methods of integration, an introduction to numerical methods, L'Hopital's rule for indeterminate forms, improper integrals, sequences and series, and polar coordinates. Prerequisites: MATH 160.

MATH 216 Business Statistics
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is an introductory course in descriptive and inferential statistics for students in business. This will be an applications oriented study of statistical analysis. Business applications should be the primary focus of the course. Major topics of study will be descriptive statistics, binomial probability distribution, normal probability applications, central tendency, variability, distribution shapes, sampling techniques, comparison testing, hypothesis testing for the mean, and for proportions using the chi square, simple multiple regression analysis, and interval estimation. The objectives of the course are to develop the skills to apply these concepts in conjunction with statistical analysis software and the TI-83 calculator, and to make appropriate decisions regarding actual business problems. Students will be required to use statistical software on a computer. Prerequisites: MATH 120 or instructor approval for KVCC business students.

MATH 220 Probability and Statistics
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is an introductory course in descriptive and inferential statistics for students in business, liberal arts, psychology, and science. Included are measurements, scales, probability, binomial distribution, normal distribution, correlation, regression, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and nonparametric statistics. Students will be required to use statistical software on a computer. Prerequisites: MATH 120 or MATH 150 or permission of instructor. Comments: May require a graphing calculator. The TI-83 Plus is recommended.

MATH 260 Calculus 3 & Analytic Geometry
5-5-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is an introduction to vectors in 3-space, partial derivatives, multiple integrals, and vector calculus. Prerequisites: MATH 162.

MATH 264 Differnt'l Equa/Linear Algebra
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a first course in linear algebra and differential equations. Techniques of linear algebra are applied to the solution of differential equations. Topics covered include first order differential equations and applications, matrices, linear differential equations, systems of differential equations, and Laplace Transforms. Prerequisites: MATH 162 or equivalent.

PHY 100 Fundamentals of Physics
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab) A one-semester course that is intended to introduce the non-science or non-technical major to the broad concepts of physics. It uses a somewhat philosophical approach and does not emphasize mathematical rigor. It includes a survey of topics in mechanics, heat, sound, light, electricity, and modern physics. Prerequisites: A minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or ENG 110 and minimum ACT Reading score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 18 or COMPASS PreAlgebra Test score of 44 or MATH 094 or instructor's permission.

PHY 111 College Physics I
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab)/4-0-0 (Web) This is a first non-calculus course in general college physics intended for students in pre-science. Topics included are mechanics, heat, and sound, using mathematical skills of algebra and trigonometry. Prerequisites: A minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or ENG 110 and minimum ACT Reading score of 18 or COMPASS score of 80 or TRS 102 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 26 or COMPASS Algebra Skills Test score of 79 or MATH 152.

PHY 112 College Physics II
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab) A continuation of PHY 111, this course emphasizes light, electricity, magnetism and some aspects of modern physics. Prerequisites: PHY 111 or instructor's permission.

PHY 120 Astronomy
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) In this course, students will become better observers as they map the heavens, make and read star maps, and understand the mechanics of our solar system and galaxy. The nature and analysis of light, optics, and telescopes along with properties of planets, satellites, stars and galaxies will be discussed. Many hands-on activities will be used to highlight important concepts. Night time observations and planetarium will enhance the curriculum. Comments: Includes classroom work at the Kalamazoo Valley Museum Planetarium.

PHY 124 Astronomy of the Solar System
4-3-2 (Lecture/Standard lab) In this course, students will be introduced to the Sky and the Solar System. Laboratory exercises will be emphasized. The Sun, the Moon, the Planets, and constellations will be observed and analyzed using the Planetarium and Telescopes. Methods of calculating the positions of astronomical objects will be introduced. Hands-on experiments include mapping the heavens, making and reading star maps, analyzing light to understand its nature, and the principles of telescope design. Students will understand the mechanics of our solar system and our galaxy and learn some of the properties of planets, satellites, stars and galaxies. The course will be enhanced through examples from the fields of astrophysics, astrobiology, and astrogeology. Prerequisites: A minimum ACT Math Test score of 20 or COMPASS Algebra Test score of 34 or MATH 096.

PHY 221 Engineering Physics I
5-4-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab) This is the first course in physics for students who plan to major in engineering or physics. Topics included are mechanics, sound, and heat. These topics are studied using appropriate skills from calculus. Prerequisites: MATH 162. Corequisites: MATH 130.

PHY 222 Engineering Physics II
5-4-2 (Lecture/Standard Lab) A continuation of PHY 221, this course includes the topics of light, electricity, magnetism, and modern atomic physics. Prerequisites: PHY 221.

ECO 110 Eco/Contemporary Social Issues
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) Economics is the study of how people -- individuals and institutions -- make choices in a world of scarcity. As many contemporary social issues are rooted in the problem of scarcity, the science of economics is quite useful in understanding these issues and in prescribing solutions. Is it possible to have cheap consumer goods and a clean environment? What will it take to make the Social Security program secure in the 21st Century? When is the level of health care services unhealthy for society? Who wins and loses when domestic markets are protected from foreign competition? In addressing questions like these, this course will examine some of the most challenging social issues of our time through the eyes of the economist. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or ENG 098 or ENG 099 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 20 or COMPASS Algebra Test score of 34 or MATH 096.

ECO 201 Macroeconomics
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This principles course surveys basic macroeconomic theories and applications. Macroeconomics is the study of total or "aggregate" economic activity. For instance, the course investigates the problems of inflation and unemployment. Major topics also include: GDP measurement, national income determination, money and banking, fiscal and monetary policy, and international finance. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or successful completion of ENG 110 and minimum ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 20 or COMPASS Algebra Test score of 34 or MATH 096.

ECO 202 Microeconomics
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This course surveys basic microeconomic theories and applications. Microeconomics is the study of how consumers, wokers, firms, and givernment behave with respect to the choices each must make. The course centers on price and output determination in a market system. Related topics include: consumer choice, cost behavior, competition versus monomoply, and resource markets. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or successful completion of ENG 110 and minimum ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099 and minimum ACT Math Test score of 20 or COMPASS Algebra Test score of 34 or MATH 096.

ECO 240 International Economics
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is the study of the flow of commodities, services, and capital across national boundaries. Analyses and implications of international trade and finance are integrated with aspects of theory, policy and enterprise. Special reference is made to the international economic policies of the United States. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160 and Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 25 or COMPASS score of 95 or successful completion of ENG 110 and a minimum ACT Math Test score of 22 or COMPASS Algebra Skills Test score of 65 or MATH 116.

HRY 100 Early Western Civilization
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is an examination of the political, social, economic, and cultural development of Europe from the Ancient World to the seventeenth century.

HRY 101 Modern Western Civilization
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course provides a consideration of the movements and events from which modern Western institutions and culture have evolved from the seventeenth century to modern times.

HRY 102 American History to 1877
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This course surveys the history of America, including the colonial era, the federal union, Jacksonian democracy, sectional controversy, the Civil War and Reconstruction.

HRY 103 American History since 1865
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This course surveys post-Civil War history including industrial and agricultural revolutions and their challenge to society, culture, and government in the United States. An analysis of America's participation in World War I and II and the major social, economic, political, and cultural movements of the twentieth century are included.

HRY 150 World Civilization
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) The diversity of human experience will be explored through examination of contrasting paths of social, political, economic, and cultural development within the family of man throughout the world. Emphasis will be placed on the many individual non-Western traditions as well as the emerging world culture of the twenty-first century. Prerequisites: Minimum ASSET Writing Skills score of 41 or COMPASS score of 70 or successful completion of ENG 098 or ENG 099 and minimum ASSET Reading score of 36 or COMPASS score of 61 or TRS 096 and TRS 105.

HRY 207 History of Russia
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) A survey of modern Russian history with some emphasis on tsarist foundations, this course traces Europe's influence on Russia, the beginnings of the Revolution of 1917, the evolution of the former USSR, and its impact on the world.

HRY 210 History of the Far East
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) A survey of civilization in the Far East, this course focuses on China and Japan. Emphasis is given to the transformation of the Far East in modern times under the influence of the West. Topics such as imperialism, nationalism, and the social, political, and economic development within the major countries are explored. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160 or a minimum ACT Writing score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or successful completion of ENG 098 or ENG 099 and minimum Reading ACT score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

HRY 212 History/American Civil War
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is designed to give the student a basic knowledge of the facts regarding the causes of the American Civil War, military confrontation, political theater, and the period called reconstruction. Emphasis will be placed on the historiography of the causes of war.

HRY 220 History of Michigan
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a study of the development of Michigan from a primitive wilderness to a complex, industrialized society, with emphasis on the relation of the State to the history of the United States.

HRY 230 Women in History
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course takes a historical approach to the roles, status, and contributions of women. Attention is given to the influence of women in civilization: their contributions to the arts, sciences, and literature, and their political activities.

HRY 240 African American Experience
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This survey course is designed to familiarize students with the historical and contemporary discussions of the African- American experience. Students, through readings, lectures and discussions, will engage historical, literary and scholarly considerations.

HRY 251 World History to 1500
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This course is an interdisciplinary global study of various civilizations in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe from before the Common Era (BCE) to 1500 CE. The course will examine ways in which societies contacted on another, ways of influencing one another, how new societies emerged, the diffusion and consequences of human migrations, trade, wars, technologies, epidemics, religions, languages, environment, cultural norms, and lifestyles. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160.

HRY 252 World History since 1500
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This course is an interdisciplinary global study of various civilizations in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe since 1500 CE. The course will examine ways in which societies contacted one another, ways of influencing one another, how new societies emerged, the diffusion and consequences of human migrations, trade, wars, technologies, epidemics, religions, languages, environment, cultural norms, and lifestyles. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160.

PSI 100 Introduction/Political Science
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This class will examine principles of political science. Topics to be discussed are ideological differences (e.g. Liberalism, Communism, Fascism), comparative governments (e.g. American Constitutionalism and Parliamentarian), American Federalism, international relations, and the roles of legislatures, executives, and judiciaries.

PSI 101 American Government
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This course serves as an introduction to American Government by examining the characteristics of the legislative, executive and judicial branches. The course also looks at the role played by political parties, interest groups, the media, and foreign policy.

PSI 102 State and Local Government
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a study of state and local politics with emphasis on the role of the governmental institutions that provide and administer public schools, social services, infrastructure needs, and the courts. The course also offers an in-depth look at the Michigan state government and its relationship to the United States federal government.

PSI 201 International Relations
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is a study of the factors and forces that impact relations among countries including their political, economic, military, social and cultural characteristics. There is a strong emphasis on issued-based analysis of major global challenges and problems, such as human rights, inequality, justice, development, conflict, cooperation, security, environment and global interdependence. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160 and Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or ENG 098 or ENG 099 and ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

PSI 202 Comparative Government
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a study of the major political forces, processes, institutions, and performances of several countries around the world. The countries of Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, China, and Nigeria will be studied in terms of history, socio-political culture, governmental institutions and political processes and performance. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160 and Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or ENG 098 or ENG 099 and ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

PSI 250 World Security
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This is a study of major issues or aspects of world security. It attempts to reconceptualize the way we think about the nature and pursuit of security. There is an effort to stimulate a fundamental rethinking of the nature and the goals of human security, involving a recognition of the need to link national security to the well being of the world at large. The concept of security is examined in terms of military, diplomatic, economic, socio-cultural, and environmental perspectives. Prerequisites: ENG 110 or ENG 160 and Minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or ENG 098 or ENG 099 and ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

PSY 150 Introductory Psychology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This is a general introduction to the science of behavior. Topics include research methods and data analysis, child development, learning, applied behavior analysis, memory, intelligence, states of consciousness, the physiological bases of behavior, behavioral health, personality, abnormal behavior, and treatment techniques. Prerequisites: A minimum ACT Writing Skills score of 18 or COMPASS score of 70 or ENG 098 or ENG 099 and minimum ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

PSY 160 Human Growth and Development
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is a life span survey of human growth and development. Developmental norms are emphasized to describe, explain, and predict major patterns of development. The theoretical perspectives presented in PSY 150 are expanded and given specific application in the human life span. Prerequisites: Completion of PSY 150 with a grade of 2.0 or higher.

PSY 170 Human Sexuality
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is an introduction to the biological, psychological and social aspects of human sexuality. Topics to be covered include sexual development, male and female anatomy and physiology, the sexual responses cycle, sexual health and diseases, pregnancy, contraception, abortion issues, sexual gender orientation issues, intimate relationships, sexual dysfunction, and sexual abuse. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 ENG 099.

PSY 180 Early Childhood Development
4-4-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is designed for parents, teachers, and other professionals who work with young children or their families in a variety of roles and settings. Class participants will learn theories of child development in cognition, social/emotional, and language development, the normal patterns of physical growth, and the needs and abilities of newborns, infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and lower elementary-aged children. There will be an observation component of the course to allow students to see examples of what is learned through their readings and in class. Implications for practice will be discussed.

PSY 190 Child Psychology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This course serves as an introduction to the physical, intellectual, social and psychological development of infants, children and adolescents. Emphasis will be placed on the development of critical thinking regarding the many complex issues that affect humans between conception and the end of adolescence. Prerequisites: Completion of PSY 150 with a grade of 2.0 or higher.

PSY 250 Abnormal Psychology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This is an introductory examination of the field of abnormal psychology with special emphasis placed on behavior change strategies, community mental health concepts, and cross-cultural comparisons. Prerequisites: PSY 150 with a grade of 2.0 or higher.

PSY 260 Educational Psychology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is an investigation of how psychological principles can be used to help solve educational problems. It is designed for prospective teachers and psychologists, but would also be appropriate for parents of school-age children. The course includes such topics as educational objective writing, teaching methods, testing and measurement, learning theory, motivation, and special education. Prerequisites: PSY 150 with a grade of 2.0 or higher.

SOC 102 Principles of Sociology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course consists of an investigation of the fundamental areas of sociology emphasizing the sociological perspective in the study of the individual in society including the global community, inequalities in contemporary society, social institutions, and an analysis of the rapidly changing world. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

SOC 103 Contemporary Social Problems
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) The study of social problems is designed to help an individual develop a high level of social consciousness. Several theoretical perspectives are examined to determine their usefulness in understanding social problems. A number of topics are identified to see why they are problems and what solutions might be possible. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

SOC 105 Introduction to Gerontology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is designed to introduce the student to the field of gerontology. Students will gain an understanding of the processes involved in human aging, emphasizing physiological, economic, social, cognitive, interpersonal and cultural aspects that influence the well-being and social functioning of older adults.

SOC 106 Death, Dying & Bereavement
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is designed to introduce the student to a variety of beliefs and practices related to death, dying and bereavement for a cross-cultural perspective. Emphasis will be placed on contrasting social interpretations of death, dying and bereavement which have occurred throughout various periods in history up through modern day. Prerequisites: Recommended: SOC 105.

SOC 170 Introduction to Archaeology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion)/3-0-0 (Web) This course is an introduction to the modern practice of archaeology around the world. It investigates the methods and theories used in the field and how archaeologists reconstruct the human past from physical remains. The course examines the types of evidence studied by archaeologists and the kinds of information gained from using modern scientific techniques. The course is useful for a variety of fields in arts, humanities and social sciences, and it could fulfill a general education requirement. Prerequisite: ENG 110 or ENG 160.

SOC 200 The Family
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is a study of the general cultural background of the contemporary family. This includes an assessment of the structure, roles, and functions of the family, an investigation of the family successes and difficulties, and an analysis of the family's relationship to other social institutions.

SOC 201 Intro to Cultural Anthropology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course is a survey of cultural anthropology. Cultural anthropology is the examination of the various ways people have coped with life's challenges. It includes archaeology, linguistics, and ethnology. Prerequisites: Minimum ACT Reading score of 14 or COMPASS score of 65 or TRS 096 and TRS 105 or ENG 099.

SOC 202 Urban Sociology
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course focuses on thinking and writing critically about historical perspectives on urban growth in American cities, characteristics of urban areas, current issues facing urban and suburban residents, urban policies, and current strategies for urban revitalization.

SOC 205 Racial and Ethnic Relations
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course focuses on racial, ethnic, and multicultural relations primarily in the United States, but attention will be paid to such relations in other countries. Basic concepts such as prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination, power, adaptation, and change will be developed into a theoretical framework that will be applied to an analysis and discussion of selected racial and ethnic groups.

SOC 207 Southern Africa/Region Studies
3-3-0 (Lecture/Discussion) This course provides students with an enhanced understanding of the history, democratization, economic development, aftermath of war and liberation struggles, racial and ethnic strife, apartheid, gender and politics, and the AIDS crisis in Southern Africa.

SOC 273 Service Learning
3-0-0 (Field Experience) This course will expose students to the pedagogy of service-learning while actively engaging in community service. Through reflective journal writing, class discussions and critical incident reports, the students will explore their own reactions to service work and their future vocational goals. Through films, books, papers and discussion, they will identify deeper social issues which are raised by the work and engage the various cultures which make up our community. By participation in the process of service-learning, they will help create a caring community and learn how to replicate that process in other settings. This course is a requirement in the honors curriculum, but is open to other students.